python -m venv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate
pip install patchright
pip install playwright_captcha
# 或使用 uv 安装
# uv init demo
# uv install playwright_captcha
# uv install patchright


#安装浏览器，当然你也可以不用安装 playwright 的浏览器，也可以使用系统自带的浏览器，通过 CDP 协议连接
# (.venv) D:\Dev\Blog-demo\playwright>patchright install -h
# Usage: playwright install [options] [browser...]

# ensure browsers necessary for this version of Playwright are installed

# Options:
#   --with-deps   install system dependencies for browsers
#   --dry-run     do not execute installation, only print information
#   --list        prints list of browsers from all playwright installations
#   --force       force reinstall of stable browser channels
#   --only-shell  only install headless shell when installing chromium
#   --no-shell    do not install chromium headless shell
#   -h, --help    display help for command


# Examples:
#   - $ install
#     Install default browsers.

#   - $ install chrome firefox
#     Install custom browsers, supports chromium, chromium-headless-shell, chromium-tip-of-tree-headless-shell, chrome, chrome-beta, msedge, msedge-beta, msedge-dev, bidi-chromium, firefox, webkit, webkit-wsl.

# 选择安装单个浏览器即可
patchright install chromium

from pathlib import Path
from patchright.async_api import BrowserContext, async_playwright, Page
from typing import Union
from playwright_captcha import ClickSolver, CaptchaType, FrameworkType


class Browser:
    def __init__(self):
        self._context: Union[BrowserContext, None] = None

    @property
    def context(self) -> BrowserContext:
        if self._context is None:
            raise RuntimeError("Browser context is not initialized.")  
        return self._context

    async def start(self, user_data_dir: Path | str = Path.home() / ".my_browser_data"):
        try:
            pw = await async_playwright().start()
            # Simulate starting the browser and creating a context
            self._context = await pw.chromium.launch_persistent_context(
                user_data_dir=user_data_dir,  # 用户数据目录，用于持久化保存 Cookie、缓存等浏览器状态
                headless=False,  # 是否以无头模式运行（无界面）。注：某些防爬机制下，headless 模式更易被检测
                chromium_sandbox=False,  # 是否启用 Chromium 沙箱，禁用它可以减少在某些环境（如 Docker）下的运行限制
                ignore_default_args=["--enable-automation"],  # 忽略默认的自动化标志，防止网站检测到正在使用自动化工具
                viewport={"width": 1920, "height": 1080},  # 设置浏览器视口的宽度和高度
                has_touch=False,  # 是否模拟支持触摸事件
                is_mobile=False,  # 是否模拟移动设备模式
                handle_sighup=False,  # 是否在接收到 SIGHUP 信号时关闭浏览器
                handle_sigterm=False,  # 是否在接收到 SIGTERM 信号时关闭浏览器
                handle_sigint=False,  # 是否在接收到 SIGINT 信号（如 Ctrl+C）时关闭浏览器
                timezone_id="Asia/Shanghai",  # 设置浏览器的时区
            )
        except Exception as e:
            raise e

    async def stop(self):
        if self._context:
            await self._context.close()
            self._context = None

    @classmethod
    async def handle_patch(cls, page: Page):
        solver = ClickSolver(
            framework=FrameworkType.PLAYWRIGHT,
            page=page,
            max_attempts=5,
            attempt_delay=8,
        )

        try:
            await solver.prepare()
            return solver
        except Exception as e:
            raise e

    @classmethod
    async def handle_turnstile(cls, page: Page, solver: ClickSolver):
        try:
            await solver.solve_captcha(
                captcha_container=page, captcha_type=CaptchaType.CLOUDFLARE_TURNSTILE
            )
        except Exception as e:
            ... # 如果没有检测到验证码，则跳过  

async def launch_by_cdp(self, cdp_endpoint: str = "http://127.0.0.1:9222"):
       """
       需要事先启动浏览器，命令行示例：
       MacOS:
           /Applications/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google\ Chrome --remote-debugging-port=9222 --user-data-dir="/path/to/your/custom/profile"
       Windows:
           C:\\Program\ Files\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chrome.exe --remote-debugging-port=9222 --user-data-dir="C:\path\to\your\custom\profile"
       Linux:
           /usr/bin/google-chrome-stable --remote-debugging-port=9222 --user-data-dir="/path/to/your/custom/profile"
       Args:
           cdp_endpoint (_type_, optional): _description_. Defaults to "http://127.0.0.1:9222".

       Raises:
           e:   _description_
       """
       try:
           pw = await async_playwright().start()
           browser = await pw.chromium.connect_over_cdp(cdp_endpoint)
           self._context = browser.contexts[0]  # 假设只使用第一个上下文
       except Exception as e:
           raise e

import asyncio
from browser import Browser


async def main():
    b = None
    try:
        b = Browser()
        await b.start("./chrome_data")
        page = await b.context.new_page()

        # 关键
        solver = await Browser.handle_patch(page)
        await page.goto("https://www.example.com", wait_until="load")
        await asyncio.sleep(2)  # 等待页面加载完成
        await Browser.handle_turnstile(page, solver) # 处理处理验证码
    except Exception as e:
        print(e)
    finally:
        if b is not None:
            await b.stop()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    asyncio.run(main())